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  1. Halitosis - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

    Jan 18, 2026 · Halitosis is a general term used to describe any disagreeable odour of expired air from the mouth. [1] [2] Mild transient halitosis is usually caused by release of volatile odorous compounds …

  2. Halitosis - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

    Apr 26, 2022 · Halitosis is a general term used to describe any disagreeable odor of expired air from the mouth. [1] [2] Mild transient halitosis is usually caused by release of volatile odorous compounds …

  3. Halitose - Sintomas, diagnóstico e tratamento | BMJ Best Practice

    Jan 13, 2026 · Halitose é um termo genérico usado para descrever qualquer odor desagradável no ar expirado pela boca. [1] [2] A halitose transitória leve geralmente é causada pela liberação de …

  4. Sep 27, 2021 · Doctors call this pseudo-halitosis. Other things that can sometimes cause bad breath include diseases that affect the lungs or digestive system, such as infections. So if you have bad …

  5. Evaluation of chronic cough - Differentials | BMJ Best Practice US

    Upper airway cough syndrome (UACS; postnasal drip) History frequent throat clearing, postnasal drip, nasal discharge, nasal obstruction or sneezing typical, halitosis

  6. Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment - BMJ Best Practice

    Other diagnostic factors halitosis redness, swelling, and puffy gingiva pseudomembrane formation cervical lymphadenopathy fever malaise pain

  7. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease - BMJ Best Practice

    Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a clinical diagnosis. The classic symptoms are heartburn and regurgitation. A therapeutic trial of a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) can serve for both diagnosis …

  8. Fissured, hairy, and geographic tongue - BMJ Best Practice

    Full details Other diagnostic factors halitosis (hairy tongue and fissured tongue) bad taste in mouth (hairy tongue) discolouration (hairy tongue and fissured tongue) burning sensation (geographic …

  9. Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment - BMJ Best Practice

    Oct 1, 2025 · Achalasia is an esophageal motor disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by esophageal aperistalsis and insufficient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation in response to …

  10. Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment - BMJ Best Practice

    Apr 30, 2024 · Tonsillitis can be difficult to distinguish from viral pharyngitis as both present with similar clinical symptoms. Most patients do not seek medical help. Most cases resolve spontaneously within …