Planets in the box have the right atmospheric pressure and the right temperature to keep surface water in a liquid state. In our solar system Earth and Mars are in the box, Venus and Mercury outside.

Global mean surface warming throughout the 21st century will be largely determined by cumulative emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2) and the other long-lived greenhouse gases, and what proportion of ...

While the temperature changes over the whole ocean depth are small compared to those at the land and ocean surface, the ocean has taken up more than 90% of the excess energy in the Earth system ...