Abstract: This paper presents a risk assessment model suitable for predicting an upper bound on the probability of failure of an electronic system installed inside a vehicle that is irradiated ...

Discover why options market data suggests a lower crash risk for U.S. stocks than pundit surveys, and how to optimize asset allocation for better returns.

James Chen, CMT is an expert trader, investment adviser, and global market strategist. Khadija Khartit is a strategy, investment, and funding expert, and an educator of fintech and strategic finance ...

Where \(X\) is a normally distributed random variable with mean \(\mu\) and standard deviation \(\sigma\). The peak of the curve occurs at \(x=\mu\), and the spread ...

In statistics, a population refers to the entire group of individuals or items that we are interested in studying. However, collecting data from the whole population is often impractical due to size, ...

Forecasting for any small business involves guesswork. You know your business and its past performance, but you may not be comfortable predicting the future. Using Excel is a great way to perform what ...

Probability Distribution Notes: Probability is a fundamental aspect of mathematics that helps us understand and quantify uncertainty. Mastery of this subject is essential for students, as it has ...

dxxx(x,) returns the density or the value on the y-axis of a probability distribution for a discrete value of x pxxx(q,) returns the cumulative density function (CDF) or the area under the curve to ...

Abstract: This paper proposes an estimation of particle swarm distribution algorithm (EPSDA) to solve the nonlinear bilevel programming problem (NBLP) by embedding the estimation distribution ...