Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

In this work, we study the problem of obtaining invariant distributions of quantum Markov chains (QMCs), which are given by positive maps acting on appropriate trace-class spaces. We focus on discrete ...

Abstract: A robust nonlinear control is designed for stabilizing linear multi-input-multi-output systems. The presented control law homogenizes a linear system (without its transformation to a ...

Immunoassays are biochemical tests used to detect the presence or concentration of an analyte in a biological sample via an antibody-antigen reaction. They are widely used to perform screening and ...

High-pressure homogenization is a powerful technique that can rapidly break apart stubborn cells, for example, by limiting the number of passes needed to disrupt them. The cooling available in a ...

Shear force is any force corresponding to a material’s surface. In liquid, for example, this leads to friction between fluid particles, leading to particle size reduction. In high shear mixing, shear ...

Homogenization is vital in many industrial processes, including food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. High-pressure homogenization and sonication are two widely used homogenization techniques. However ...

An emulsion is a two-phase system formed by droplets dispersed in another non-miscible liquid. Many emulsions consist of a hydrophobic ‘oily’ phase dispersed in a continuous aqueous phase.

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry has become a widely used method of quantifying protein expression in many areas of biomedical research, allowing for the highly sensitive and specific ...