These open-source MMM tools solve different measurement problems, from budget optimization to forecasting and preprocessing.

Understanding cause-effect relationships between variables is of primary interest in many fields of science. The standard method for determining such relationships uses randomized controlled ...

Pupil dilation provides a physiological readout of information gain during the brain's internal process of belief updating in the context of associative learning.

Mary Hall is a editor for Investopedia's Advisor Insights, in addition to being the editor of several books and doctoral papers. Mary received her bachelor's in English from Kent State University with ...