A ceasefire deal has put a pause on conflict between India and Pakistan. But experts say the two nuclear powers have a lot to work out if the Kashmir region is to move toward long-term peace.

The understanding between the two countries to stop military action follows weeks of escalating attacks across the countries' borders that were triggered by a gun massacre of tourists last month that India blames on Pakistan,

India and Pakistan engaged in the most intense fighting in decades with four days of escalating conflict that included fighter jets, missiles and drones packed with explosives. It ended almost as abruptly as it began.

In the aftermath of a negotiated ceasefire between India and Pakistan over violence across the Kashmiri border in May 2025, a graphic attributed to CNN ( archived) purportedly displaying "India-Pakistan Conflict Statistics" received more than 130,000 views on X before the account deleted the claim.

A ceasefire agreement between India and Pakistan, announced by President Donald Trump earlier today, has allegedly been violated by Pakistan. Indian Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri said the Indian army is retaliating against the border intrusion.

The ceasefire had been expected to bring a swift end to weeks of escalating clashes triggered by the mass shooting of tourists last month that India blames on Pakistan.

The fact that India and Pakistan were able to agree to a ceasefire as escalations spiralled is reason for optimism. It shows that internal calculations and international pressure can pull the two parties back from the brink. However, the ceasefire represents an incredibly precarious peace. Can it be sustained?