Reference genome assemblies provide a map of a species’ DNA sequence and its spatial context—that is, where along the chromosomes a specific piece of DNA sequence can be found. In the past, the ...

Invertebrates are animals lacking a backbone. They comprise the majority of Earth's species. They inhabit oceans, soil, and forests. Invertebrate Animals: The animal kingdom is full of diverse species ...

The study of stress responses in invertebrates is a burgeoning field, particularly when considering the vast diversity of ...

As our species (Homo sapiens) evolved and spread across the globe, they were contemporary with several other hominins. These ...

Invertebrate Animals: The animal kingdom is full of diverse species, each uniquely adapted to survive in its environment. Among them is a vast group known as invertebrates, animals that do not have a ...

Palaeontology is the study of prehistoric species, mostly ones that are extinct. It focuses primarily on fossil data, using a variety of physical, chemical and biological techniques to analyse them.

The study of the physiology and ecology of animals that don't have backbones, ranging from worms to sea stars, and of parasites, which can often provide insights into complex ecosystems. (Sea star ...