Pupil dilation provides a physiological readout of information gain during the brain's internal process of belief updating in the context of associative learning.

Far beyond Neptune, something heavy appears to be tugging on the outer solar system, bending the paths of distant icy worlds ...

Scientists have uncovered tens of thousands of previously unseen earthquakes beneath Yellowstone, a reminder that one of the ...

This important study introduces a new biology-informed strategy for deep learning models aiming to predict mutational effects in antibody sequences. It provides solid evidence that separating ...

Tabular foundation models are the next major unlock for AI adoption, especially in industries sitting on massive databases of ...

Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Jared Ecker is a researcher and fact-checker ...

Have you ever stood at a lottery counter, staring at a blank ticket, unsure which numbers to choose? Many people fall back on ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

This paper reviews the statistical theory of conventional direct and indirect standardization of occurrence/exposure rates. The statistical properties of these methods are investigated under a ...

Background The relationship of social determinants of health (SDOH), environmental exposures and medical history to lung function trajectories is underexplored. A better understanding of these ...

Computer science is the study and development of the protocols required for automated processing and manipulation of data. This includes, for example, creating algorithms for efficiently searching ...

Introduction After the WHO prequalified the first vaccine against mpox, we aimed to identify the influence of vaccine ...