A good way to see where this article is headed is to take a look at the screen shot of a demo program shown in Figure 1. The demo sets up a dummy dataset of six items: [ 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2] [ 5.4 3.9 1.7 ...

Inside living cells, mitochondria divide, lysosomes travel, and synaptic vesicles pulse—all in three dimensions (3Ds) and constant motion. Capturing these events with clarity is vital not just for ...

PCA and K-means clustering applied to Raman and PL imaging reveal structural defects in silicon wafers, enhancing understanding of optoelectronic performance.