The average textbook definition of modulation reads: modulation is a process in which the frequency, phase or amplitude of a carrier wave varies in step with the instantaneous value of the modulating ...

The distribution of content involves the need to adapt digital information to its means of carriage — what we typically call transmission — and to understand that fully, we need to understand the ...

If we replace the potentiometer VR1 with an AC signal plus DC bias signal in any of the previous Figures 3 to 17, the voltage controlled attenuators can become an amplitude modulator circuit instead.

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Fiber-optic interferometric sensors have emerged as essential tools in precision measurement, utilising the interference of coherent light to detect minute displacements and variations in physical ...

A candidate for modernized GNSS civil signals in the L1/E1 band was BOC(1,1), a binary-offset-carrier signal with a “split spectrum” that has negligible impact on the existing GPS signals. However, a ...

A signal generator, a general-purpose piece of test equipment, performs numerous measurements for a variety of applications requiring electromagnetic wave signals as stimuli. Its roots trace back to ...

Compared to the simple diode needed to demodulate AM radio signals, the detector circuits used for FM are slightly more complicated. Wrapping your head around phase detectors, ratio detectors, ...

The AMMA-2, the new digital AM modulation monitor from Belar, may look like an ordinary piece of broadcast equipment. It’s one rack unit tall and has the typical buttons and LEDs on the front panel.