Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Andy Smith is a Certified Financial Planner ...

When reviewing cash flow data for your small business, knowing the standard deviation can help you determine if the numbers are out of whack. Calculating standard deviation manually can be ...

Steven Nickolas is a writer and has 10+ years of experience working as a consultant to retail and institutional investors. Charlene Rhinehart is a CPA , CFE, chair of an Illinois CPA Society committee ...

Q. I have prepared projections for a proposed project, and I want to calculate the internal rate of return. Instead of using Excel’s IRR function, should I use simple math formulas so others can ...