However, each module was a circuit board that had to be hand-soldered ... Some solutions actually involved making integrated circuits, but went nowhere. In Germany, in 1949, Werner Jacobi ...

A photonic integrated circuit is an integrated circuit with optical functions. Optical signals travel at the speed of light, which is faster than electronic signals. This speed is appealing, but ...

Prior to integrated circuits, these electronic components were discrete devices soldered to each other on a printed circuit board. To learn how a digital circuit works, go to half adder and travel ...