When a ray of light is incident at normal incidence, (at right angles), to the surface between two optical materials, the ray travels in a straight line. When the ray is incident at any other angle, ...

Figure 1: Diagram and SEM image of fabricated fishnet structure. Here we experimentally demonstrate the first 3D optical NIM by directly measuring the angle of refraction from a prism made of cascaded ...

When a wave or light ray moves from one medium to another its speed changes. The direction of the ray may also change. This property of waves is called refraction and commonly occurs with light rays.

In optical sciences, the refractive index of a medium, first considered by Isaac Newton, is the most fundamental quantity. The refractive index of a medium determines not only the phase velocity of ...