When a patient presents with chest pain, follow this doctor’s guidelines to quickly reach an accurate diagnosis and initiate life-saving treatment. For some time, cardiologists have called MIs and ...

Exercise electrocardiographic (ECG) stress tests appeared to reliably indicate that some patients with angina with nonobstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA) actually had coronary microvascular ...

It is well known that non-cardiac chest pain is closely related to gastroesophageal reflux diseases (GERD). Chest pain of esophageal origin can be difficult to distinguish from that caused by cardiac ...

Dear K.O.S.: That’s an excellent question. Vasospastic angina, also called variant angina or Prinzmetal angina, is caused by spasmodic constriction of the artery, often with blockages, but sometimes ...