Clocks are the heartbeats of embedded systems, providing timing references and synchronization between components, subsystems, and entire systems. Incorrect clock signal amplitudes and timing can ...

Jitter is defined as the unwanted variation in the timing of successive events. That statement’s broad wording applies to a range of pulse-edge positions relative to a reference clock as well as ...

Most electronic clocks, be they analog or digital, use a crystal oscillator (XO) based on a 32.768 kHz crystal for their reference. In fact, it is same crystal that’s commonly used as a real-time ...

We’ve seen a few H-bridge circuits around these parts before, and here’s another application. This time we have an Old Train ...

Long before tubes and semiconductors became the main active components in digital circuitry, relays were used for highly sophisticated control of electronic systems. Today’s retro-engineering and ...