Light travels at different speeds based on the medium it passes through. For example, in a vacuum, it travels at 3.0 × 10^8 m/s in a straight line. But when directed towards glass, air, diamond, water ...

One of the oldest problems in optics has been solved. Rafael Gonzalez from Mexico's Tecnologico de Monterrey has come up with an almost comically dense equation that can be used to almost completely ...

The near-axial aberrations such as spherical aberration, coma aberration, and chromatic aberration are well corrected by computer optimization design. When used to focus the collimation, the surface ...