Now that we have discussed the theory about the sigma-delta modulator, let us design a simple proximity sensor that will detect an approaching hand and switch on an LED. A 0.5 mm 2 wire, 10 cm long, ...

Capacitive displacement sensors turn tiny gaps into actionable signals. By measuring changes in capacitance as target moves, these devices deliver precise, non-contact readings of position and motion.

From Disney World to the smartphone in your pocket, fingerprint scanners have become commonplace these days. Even budget phones sport the tech, sometimes alongside other biometric unlocking options ...