Cellular automata (CA) are discrete, spatially extended dynamical systems in which simple, local update rules give rise to complex global patterns. Each automaton consists of a lattice of cells, each ...

Weighted automata extend classical automata by assigning quantitative values to transitions and accepting runs, thus enabling the analysis of quantitative properties such as costs, probabilities and ...

There’s an old puzzle that requires the solver to form as many whole numbers as possible, starting with 1, using only the digit 4 exactly four times, together with ordinary arithmetic and algebraic ...