Virtually every scientific field has made strides by harnessing light to study the properties of substances. This technique, called spectroscopy, has countless research applications, and innovations ...

Butter is a dairy product made by churning milk or cream to separate the butterfat from the buttermilk. It is one segment of the dairy market that includes milk and milk-based products. Domestic ...

Researchers have developed an AI-driven method to automate phosphorus-31 NMR spectral analysis, achieving higher accuracy than human experts. The model, trained on curated experimental and synthetic ...

Restoring works of art is a challenging task and there is always the risk of causing unintentional damage to the object itself. Paintings on murals, canvas, parchments or papers are particularly ...

Bio-monitoring refers to tracking changes in biological molecules or reactions over time. When using miniaturized flow systems, the ability to monitor concentrations within microchannels is essential ...

ISS involves the bombardment of a surface with a beam of ions, typically noble gas ions like helium or neon, under vacuum conditions. When these ions collide with the sample surface, they are either ...

X-rays, a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths from 0.01 to 10 nanometers, pack enough energy to pierce materials and interact with inner-shell electrons. 1 When they hit a sample, ...

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